Introduction to PIC micro-controller

Introduction to PIC (Click here)

PIC micro-controllers are popular processors developed by Microchip Technology with built-in RAM, memory, internal bus, and peripherals that can be used for many applications. PIC originally stood for “Programmable Intelligent Computer” but is now generally regarded as a “Peripheral Interface Controller”.

Types of PICs

PIC microcontrollers are broken up into two major categories: 8-bit microcontrollers and 16-bit microcontrollers. Each category is further subdivided into product families as shown in the following table:

8-bit MCU Product Family              16-bit MCU Product Family
             PIC10                                             PIC24F
             PIC12                                             PIC24H
             PIC14                                             dsPIC30
             PIC16                                             dsPIC33
             PIC18

The micro-controllers in the PIC10 through PIC14 families are considered low-end micro-controllers. PIC micro-controllers in the PIC16 and PIC18 families are considered mid-level micro-controllers while 16-bit PICs are considered high-end micro-controllers.

Each PIC has unique features and subtle differences. The correct choice for your project depends on many factors:
 Does the project require analog input or output?
 Does the project require digital input or output?
 How many I/O pins are required?
 Does the project require precise timing?
 How much memory does the project require?
 Is serial I/O required?
 Etc.

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PICs also come in several types of packages: 
 Plastic Dual Inline Package (PDIP)
 Small-Outline Transistor (SOT)
 Dual Flat No-lead (DFN)
 Mini Small Outline Package (MSOP)
 Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP)
 Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
 CERamic QUADpack (CERQUAD)

The reason for the number of packages is that there are some PICs with 100 I/O pins! The microcontrollers are basically rectangular or square shaped. The easiest package to work with is DIP or PDIP because it is easily breadboard-able and can easily be soldered.

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An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts.Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.

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What is a Microcontroller?
A Microcontroller is a programmable digital processor with necessary peripherals. Both microcontrollers and microprocessors are complex sequential digital circuits meant to carry out job according to the program / instructions. Sometimes analog input/output interface makes a part of microcontroller circuit of mixed mode(both analog and digital nature).

 Microcontrollers Vs Microprocessors
1. A microprocessor requires an external memory for program/data storage. Instruction execution requires movement of data from the external memory to the microprocessor or vice versa. Usually, microprocessors have good computing power and they have higher clock speed to facilitate faster computation.
2. A microcontroller has required on chip memory with associated peripherals. A microcontroller can be thought of a microprocessor with inbuilt peripherals.
3. A microcontroller does not require much additional interfacing ICs for operation and it functions as a stand alone system. The operation of a microcontroller is multipurpose, just like a Swiss knife.
4. Microcontrollers are also called embedded controllers. A microcontroller clock speed is limited only to a few tens of MHz. Microcontrollers are numerous and many of them are application specific.

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